Manganese is a cofactor for numerous enzymes involved in metabolism, antioxidant protection, and connective tissue synthesis. It is especially critical for the activity of manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), a primary antioxidant enzyme within mitochondria.
Although manganese deficiency is uncommon, suboptimal intake may impair bone health, antioxidant capacity, and metabolic function.
Functions:
Activates MnSOD to protect mitochondria from oxidative damage
Supports bone mineralization and skeletal development
Required for glycosaminoglycan and collagen synthesis
Involved in gluconeogenesis and glucose metabolism
Contributes to normal wound healing
Manganese is an essential trace mineral commonly used to support:
Antioxidant defense (via manganese superoxide dismutase)
Bone formation and connective tissue health
Joint health and cartilage formation
Energy metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins
Blood sugar regulation
Wound healing
Manganese is widely distributed in plant-based foods, particularly whole and minimally processed foods.
Animal Sources:
Small amounts in shellfish and poultry
Plant-Based Sources:
Whole grains (brown rice, oats)
Nuts and seeds (pecans, hazelnuts, pumpkin seeds)
Legumes (lentils, chickpeas)
Leafy greens
Tea
Synergistic Nutrients:
Copper: Works alongside manganese in antioxidant enzyme systems
Zinc: Supports connective tissue and immune function
Vitamin C: Supports collagen synthesis
Calcium + Vitamin D: Support bone health
Typical Dosages:
Maintenance: 1000–2000 mcg/day
Functional support (bone, joint, antioxidant needs): 2000–4000 mcg/day
Excess manganese intake may cause neurotoxicity with long-term high exposure
Individuals with liver disease or impaired biliary excretion should use caution
Manganese can compete with iron for absorption
NIH Fact Sheet on Manganese: ods.od.nih.gov
Linus Pauling Institute – Manganese: lpi.oregonstate.edu
Aschner & Aschner, Brain Res Rev (2005) – Manganese neurotoxicity
Keen et al., J Nutr (2000) – Manganese in human nutrition
Finley et al., Am J Clin Nutr (1994) – Manganese balance studies